Trapped gas, ears & sinuses
Air trapped in ears and sinuses expands on climb as outside pressure falls. Normally escapes: ears pop (TC AIM AIR 3.6).
Pain usually on descent, not climb.
Ear block (TC AIM AIR 3.6):
- Head cold or throat infection swells the Eustachian tube.
- Climb: air still escapes.
- Descent: swollen tube can close like a flap. Rising pressure forces eardrum inward.
- Result: severe pain, reduced hearing, possible barotrauma (ruptured eardrum).
- Barotrauma: see physician familiar with aeromedical conditions as soon as possible after landing.
Sinus block (PHAK ch.17):
- Same mechanism, worst on descent. Slower descent eases pain.
| Sinus | Location |
|---|---|
| Frontal | Above each eyebrow |
| Maxillary | Upper cheeks |
- Maxillary block can make upper teeth ache.
Clearing:
- Equalize: swallow, yawn, chew gum, or gently blow with nostrils pinched shut.
- Will not clear on descent: climb back up, clear ears, descend gradually, clear often.
Flying with a cold or allergy:
- Cold, sore throat or allergies: wait until inflammation subsides before flying. Nasal sprays give only temporary relief (TC AIM AIR 3.6).
- Upper respiratory infection or nasal allergic condition: avoid flying. Decongestant sprays and drops give inadequate protection. Oral decongestants have side effects that can impair pilot performance (PHAK ch.17).
Trapped gas beyond ears and sinuses: antacids liberate carbon dioxide. Resulting gas distension at altitude may cause acute abdominal pain and mask other medical problems (PHAK ch.17).
Trap: assuming ears hurt only on climb. Barotrauma hits on descent, as pressure rises.
References
- TC AIM AIR 3.6
- PHAK ch.17 Middle Ear and Sinus Problems