Written with AI assistance and may contain mistakes. Verify against the official Transport Canada publications before relying on anything here.

Wake turbulence: landing avoidance

Landing behind a heavy (PHAK ch.14):

Special cases (TC AIM AIR 2.9.2):

Situation	Technique or hazard
Cleared to land behind aircraft departing ahead	Touch down before its rotation point
Cleared to land behind large aircraft on low or missed approach, same runway	Vortices can sit between its flight path and runway surface
Large aircraft on parallel runway under 2,500 ft away	Vortex can drift onto you: stay at or above its final approach path, land beyond its touchdown point if safe
Departing aircraft on crossing runway	Note where it rotated

Crossing-runway departure:

Rotated	Action
Past the intersection	Continue, land before it
Before the intersection	Stay above its flight path. Abandon the approach unless landing is assured well before the intersection.

Dragged-in final:

Landing beyond a preceding heavy's touchdown point means extending the approach.
Do not sag below glide path chasing distance. Hold altitude with power until on a normal descent path.
Most dangerous encounters: last half mile of final.

Go-around: if avoidance impossible, go around (TC AIM AIR 2.9.2, Note 1).

Radio cues:

CAUTION - WAKE TURBULENCE from ATC: heads-up only. Avoiding the wake stays the pilot's job.
Waiver or ATC clearance never removes the hazard (TC AIM RAC 4.1.1).
Another aircraft states Heavy or Super on initial contact: may need own separation from its wake (NAV CANADA VFR Phraseology, Aircraft Identification).

Trap: the wake sinks; flying below the heavy's path or landing short of its touchdown point puts you into it.

PPL Tester