ATC separation by airspace class
Controlled means ATC provides a service, not that everyone is separated.
ATC separation, by class (TC AIM RAC 2.8.1-2.8.5):
| Class | IFR from IFR | IFR/VFR conflicts | VFR/VFR conflicts | Traffic info, runway separation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | All aircraft (all are IFR) | - | - | - |
| B | All aircraft | Separated | Separated | - |
| C | Separated | Resolved when necessary | On request | To all |
| D | Separated | Resolved if workload and equipment permit | On request | To all |
| E | Separated | Not separated | Not separated | - |
- B: VFR flies as controlled VFR.
- E: ATC separates only between aircraft operating under IFR.
Why designated (TC AIM RAC 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.5):
| Class | Designated where |
|---|---|
| A | Operational need to exclude VFR aircraft |
| B | Need to give ATC service to IFR aircraft and control VFR flights |
| E | Controlled airspace needed, but area does not meet requirements for A, B, C or D |
Class B extras (TC AIM RAC 2.8.2 Note 1(b),(c)):
- Flight crew member keeps continuous listening watch on ATC-assigned frequency.
- Unless ATC authorizes otherwise, transmit position report over each reporting point: to the unit, or to an FSS if ATC directs.
Clearance is universal, separation is not: IFR in Class A to E (or controlled Class F Special Use Restricted/Advisory) needs ATC clearance or Ministerial authorization (CAR 601.05(1)).
Trap: assuming ATC separates every aircraft in Class C, D or E; only A and B do.
References
- CARs 601.05
- TC AIM RAC 2.8