Ground-based radio aids in Canada
Ground-based systems in Canada: DME, ILS, LOC, NDB, PAR, TACAN, VOR and VORTAC (TC AIM COM 4.1).
Facility data (TC AIM COM 4.9):
| Facility | VOR azimuth | TACAN azimuth | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| VOR alone | Yes | No | No |
| VOR + DME (VOR/DME) | Yes | No | Yes |
| VOR + TACAN (VORTAC) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
- VORTAC: TACAN collocated with a VOR. Gives VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, slant-range distance.
- DME is always part of a VORTAC.
Equipment (TC AIM COM 4.9):
| Need | Use |
|---|---|
| Azimuth | VOR receiver |
| Distance | DME avionics tuned to the paired VOR frequency |
| Both | TACAN equipment |
ILS: precision final-approach aid. Horizontal and vertical guidance (TC AIM COM 4.10).
ILS ground equipment:
- Localizer
- Glide path transmitter
- NDB
- DME or RNAV fix: marks the final approach fix
Trap: calling GNSS ground-based (satellite-based, not listed); expecting TACAN azimuth from a VOR/DME (only a VORTAC has it); expecting the DME or RNAV fix to give approach guidance.
References
- TC AIM COM 4.1
- TC AIM COM 4.9
- TC AIM COM 4.10